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This chapter is covered by the Auditors' Report.

C5 Expenses by Nature

2008 2007 2006
Goods and services 138,298 113,195 108,033
Amortization and depreciation 8,114 8,554 7,244
Impairments, net of reversals 2,680 1,435 876
Employee remunerations 51,297 44,771 42,821
Interest expenses 2,484 1,695 1,789
Taxes 5,559 8,594 9,557
Expenses incurred 208,432 178,244 170,320
Less:
Inventory changes 1) 3,761 802 3,791
Additions to Capitalized development 1,409 1,053 1,353
Expenses charged to the
Income Statement 		203,262 176,389 165,176
1) The inventory changes are based on changes of inventory values prior to allowances (gross value).

The change in Impairments, net of reversals, mainly relate to an increase of obsolescence allowances in inventories, impairments of Capitalized development expenses and an increase in impairments of trade receivables.

For 2008, restructuring charges amounted to SEK 6.7 billion. Restructuring charges are included in the expenses presented above.

Restructuring charges by function

2008 2007 2006
Cost of sales 2,540 – 1,566
R&D expenses 2,648 – 595
Selling and administrative expenses 1,572 – 747
Total restructuring charges 6,760 – 2,908